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+---
+geometry:
+- lmargin=0.9in
+- rmargin=0.3in
+- tmargin=0.3in
+- bmargin=0.5in
+- twoside
+papersize: A4
+...
+
+\begin{huge}
+\textbf{Chapter 4 - Syntax Analysis}
+\end{huge}
+
+```
+Intro
+..Role of the Parser
+..Representative Grammars
+..Syntax Error Handling
+..Error-Recovery Strategies
+....Panic-Mode Recovery
+....Phrase-Level Recovery
+....Error Productions
+....Global Correction
+Context-Free Grammars
+..The Formal Definition of a Context-Free Grammar
+..Notational Conventions
+..Derivations
+..Parse Trees and Derivations
+..Ambiguity
+..Verifying the Language Generated by a Grammar
+..Context-Free Grammars Versus Regular Expressions
+Writing a Grammar
+..Lexical Versus Syntactic Analysis
+..Eliminating Ambiguity
+..Elimination of Left Recursion
+..Left Factoring
+..Non-Context-Free Language Constructs
+Top-Down Parsing
+..Recursive-Descent Parsing
+..FIRST and FOLLOW
+..LL(1) Grammars
+..Nonrecursive Predictive Parsing
+..Error Recovery in Predictive Parsing
+....Panic Mode
+....Phrase-level Recovery
+Bottom-Up Parsing
+..Reductions
+..Handle Pruning
+..Shift-Reduce Parsing
+..Conflicts During Shift-Reduce Parsing
+Introduction to LR Parsing: Simple LR
+..Why LR Parsers
+..Items and the LR(0) Automaton
+..The LR-Parsing Algorithm
+....Structure of the LR Parsing Table
+....LR-Parser Configurations
+....Behavior of the LR Parser
+....Constructing SLR-Parsing Tables
+....Viable Prefixes
+```

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+## Intro
+
+- Collections are analogus to tables in relational databases
+- A collection consists of documents. Documents are analogus to a record.
+- A document is just a simple JSON object, or in mongodb's lingo, it's a BSON
+  object.
+- The schema of each document in a collection is not strict my default. i.e A
+  collection can have documents that are completely different from each other.
+- an `_id` field is like the primary key of a document. If one is not provided
+  while inserting a new document, then mongodb creates on of the type
+  `ObjectId`
+
+## Simple Operations
+
+### Show All Databases
+
+```
+show dbs
+```
+
+### Show Current Database
+
+```
+db
+```
+
+### Create Or Switch Database
+
+```
+use acme
+```
+
+### Drop
+
+```
+db.dropDatabase()
+```
+
+### Create Collection
+
+```
+db.createCollection('posts')
+```
+
+### Show Collections
+
+```
+show collections
+```
+
+### Insert Row
+
+```
+db.posts.insert({
+  title: 'Post One',
+  body: 'Body of post one',
+  category: 'News',
+  tags: ['news', 'events'],
+  user: {
+    name: 'John Doe',
+    status: 'author'
+  },
+  date: Date()
+})
+```
+
+### Insert Multiple Rows
+
+```
+db.posts.insertMany([
+  {
+    title: 'Post Two',
+    body: 'Body of post two',
+    category: 'Technology',
+    date: Date()
+  },
+  {
+    title: 'Post Three',
+    body: 'Body of post three',
+    category: 'News',
+    date: Date()
+  },
+  {
+    title: 'Post Four',
+    body: 'Body of post three',
+    category: 'Entertainment',
+    date: Date()
+  }
+])
+```
+
+### Get All Rows
+
+```
+db.posts.find()
+```
+
+### Get All Rows Formatted
+
+```
+db.find().pretty()
+```
+
+### Find Rows
+
+```
+db.posts.find({ category: 'News' })
+```
+
+### Sort Rows
+
+```
+# asc
+db.posts.find().sort({ title: 1 }).pretty()
+# desc
+db.posts.find().sort({ title: -1 }).pretty()
+```
+
+### Count Rows
+
+```
+db.posts.find().count()
+db.posts.find({ category: 'news' }).count()
+```
+
+### Limit Rows
+
+```
+db.posts.find().limit(2).pretty()
+```
+
+### Chaining
+
+```
+db.posts.find().limit(2).sort({ title: 1 }).pretty()
+```
+
+### Foreach
+
+```
+db.posts.find().forEach(function(doc) {
+  print("Blog Post: " + doc.title)
+})
+```
+
+### Find One Row/Document
+
+```
+db.posts.findOne({ category: 'News' })
+```
+
+### Find Specific Fields
+
+```
+db.posts.find({ title: 'Post One' }, {
+  title: 1,
+  author: 1
+})
+```
+
+### Update a Document
+
+```
+db.posts.update({ title: 'Post Two' },
+{
+  title: 'Post Two',
+  body: 'New body for post 2',
+  date: Date()
+},
+{
+  upsert: true
+})
+
+```
+
+The first argument to `update` specifies which document you are targeting to
+update. This should be the `_id` field to keep it unique.
+
+### Update Specific Field
+
+```
+db.posts.update({ title: 'Post Two' },
+{
+  $set: {
+    body: 'Body for post 2',
+    category: 'Technology'
+  }
+})
+```
+If the field does not exist then it is added.
+
+### Add an element to an array
+```
+db.test.update(
+   { _id : 133 },
+   { $push : { <field1>: <value1>} }
+)
+```
+
+field1 is an array and <value1> is the elemnet/document will be inserted into
+that array.
+
+### Increment Field (\$inc)
+
+```
+db.posts.update({ title: 'Post Two' },
+{
+  $inc: {
+    likes: 5
+  }
+})
+```
+
+## Rename Field
+
+```
+db.posts.update({ title: 'Post Two' },
+{
+  $rename: {
+    likes: 'views'
+  }
+})
+```
+
+## Delete Row
+
+```
+db.posts.remove({ title: 'Post Four' })
+```
+
+## Sub-Documents
+
+```
+db.posts.update({ title: 'Post One' },
+{
+  $set: {
+    comments: [
+      {
+        body: 'Comment One',
+        user: 'Mary Williams',
+        date: Date()
+      },
+      {
+        body: 'Comment Two',
+        user: 'Harry White',
+        date: Date()
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+})
+```
+
+## Find By Element in Array (\$elemMatch)
+
+```
+db.posts.find({
+  comments: {
+     $elemMatch: {
+       user: 'Mary Williams'
+       }
+    }
+  }
+)
+```
+
+## Add Index
+
+```
+db.posts.createIndex({ title: 'text' })
+```
+
+## Text Search
+
+```
+db.posts.find({
+  $text: {
+    $search: "\"Post O\""
+    }
+})
+```
+
+## Greater & Less Than
+
+```
+db.posts.find({ views: { $gt: 2 } })
+db.posts.find({ views: { $gte: 7 } })
+db.posts.find({ views: { $lt: 7 } })
+db.posts.find({ views: { $lte: 7 } })
+```

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+---
+geometry:
+- lmargin=0.9in
+- rmargin=0.3in
+- tmargin=0.3in
+- bmargin=0.5in
+- twoside
+papersize: A4
+...
+
+## Point function
+
+```
+glBegin (GL_POINTS)
+    glVertex* ();
+glEnd();
+```
+
+- `glVertex()` function is used to specify coordinates of any point on OpenGL
+- `*` represents the suffix required
+  - a number 2,3 or 4 specify the dimensionality
+  - two dimensional coordinates *(x,y)* is actually a 3d coordinate where z =
+    0. So *(x,y)* = *(x,y,0)*. Moreover OpenGl represents vertices as four
+    dimensions.
+  - suffix code for indicating the data type is as follows: i (integer), s
+    (short), f (float) and d (double)
+  - If we use an array to indicate the coordinates of the vertex then we append
+    a `v`
+
+- **Examples:**
+
+```
+        glBegin(GL_POINTS)
+            glVertex2i(50, 100);
+            lVertex2i(75, 150);
+            glVertex2i(100, 200);
+        glEnd();
+
+        int point1[] = {50, 100};
+        int point2[] = {75, 150};
+        int point3[] = {100, 200};
+
+        glBegin(GL_POINTS)
+            glVertex2iv(point1);
+            glVertex2iv(point2);
+            glVertex2iv(point3);
+        glEnd();
+```
+
+## Line Functions
+
+Three line primitive constants:
+
+1. `GL_LINES`
+2. `GL_LINE_STRIP`
+3. `GL_LINE_LOOP`
+
+